arXiv:2610.32206v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: EMV 3-D Secure (3DS) requires a client-visible continuation boundary in browser-mediated flows; in some deployments, that boundary exposes a pre-authorization classification channel. This paper studies 3DS as a protocol, integration surface, and governance problem, combining standards analysis, architectural reconstruction, formal modeling, a documentation audit, disclosure history, and a bounded live evaluation.

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